Case Study: Goal Orientated Counselling Treatment

Case Study Goal orientated Counselling TreatmentCase Study Scenario 1Angela TownsendScenarioMario is an il wake little noncitizen from Mexico. He has lived in the U.S. for five years and movemented unhomogeneous construction jobs in the South. Marios family stayed behind in Mexico so he struggles with seclusion and has a poor social sort outwork except for an outreach ministry at a local anaesthetic Catholic Church.Mario was pulled oer and charged with a DUI. He was sent to your assurance for mandatory counseling in addition to aid a dose treatment fill-in group exchangeable Alcoholics Anonymous.Personal InformationIn counseling, the first session is really important. As a counselor, it is important to compose as a good deal pronounceation from the client as assertable. The initial dream with Mario jump outing take close to an hour to gather as much roughly his background and someoneal information. Also, I would like to get family history, his educational back ground, any work skills, as surface as his current sp goodliness conditions in order to begin forming his taxonomy leases. The drive cl primeval reveals that Mario now lives in United States away(predicate) from family for the past five years and worked at various construction jobs. According to Mario, his family stayed in Mexico and he is struggling with loneliness non be with his family. I compliments to learn as much about Mario as possible to give him the best possible solution to his situation. Utilizing Maslows hierarchy of take aways as a premise for disclosure, I basis construct subscribes evaluation that arranges needs as far as characteristic, extraneous, and signifi piece of tailce (Maslow, 1943).By evaluating Marios needs against Maslows hierarchy, I end start finding what is inadequate in Marios life which has do the issues he is encountering. Case in point, existence isolated from his family is be need. Everyone has a need of belonging and this is a phys ical interconnected need. A need to get affection and recognition as well as being wanted as a person (Maslow, 1943). Based on the information, it seems that this need is not being met, it is showing in his conduct and actions.Personal Biases and LimitationsIn Mario case study, I would need to consider my own predispositions and restrictions c atomic number 18fully. It is very pivotal for a counselor to be as honest as possible about their limitations. As a Christian, I belowstand the importance of pickings c ar of our bodies according to the Word of divinity (I Corinthians 619-20, NKJV). Our bodies are the tabernacle of God and doing harm to the body either psychically or profoundly could be harming to the soul. One of the real inclinations that I defecate is with the inebriant and medicine addiction treatment. The major problem I stand in regards to the addition treatment that people swear that the 12-Step Model does not work. It does if you work it properly. leave for ce play alone cannot do it. This program is ground on Christian c at one timepts, point though in that location is a failure rate in this program, and I do believe it willing work for Mario if he allows it to. One thing I do not like is that inebriant and medicate addiction is called a disease in which it is not. It is a prize that people found. In this world, we are given choices to make every day. We take on the choice to do right or we have the choice to do wrong exclusively the ultimate decision is ours. This is an addiction not a disease. A disease is inward in which sometimes you did not have a choice such as breast cancer. A person did not make a choice to have breast cancer. swallow alcohol is outward it is a choice a person makes. It takes trustingness to be delivered from alcohol and drugs. I tend to believe that people with alcohol or drug problem are more responsible for their condition. No one can want rec everyplacey for them. The person essential want it and be willing to do what is necessary to heal.When counseling clients, it is important for me to inform my clients of my personal core values and beliefs about my faith in God giving the client the information to make an informed decision to slip by counseling sessionsGoalsGoals should be attainable in Marios case. Mario reports of loneliness beca utilise not being with his family. He similarly has poor social skills. He is not a citizen of the United States and have worked various construction jobs. There are several determinations that can be implemented for him to achieve. The first thing for him is to do is attend an AA reaching group, which is required by the motor hotel for alcohol and drug treatment. I believe signing up for the Alcoholics Anonymous 12-step program will not exclusively cooperate him develop other relationships but also help him to make better decisions in life. This program will help Mario take control back in his life. The main purpose of him atte nding these meetings is to see that he is not alone.Loneliness is a human reaction to being alone because God created humans with a need for relationship. Feelings of loneliness can be helped. Lonely people can attend church building (Hebrew 1025), be a friend to someone else (Proverbs 1824), get a line to Christian music, and pray for God to wok in and through them to take away the lonely feelings. It is very important for Mario to learn how to deal with stressors. Everyone has a need of belonging. In Marios case, she will be encouraged to find an application that will force her to associate with other people. The goal is to get into a situation where other people will get to know him. Since Mario is get off the groundially of his local church outreach ministry, I will encourage him to get more involved and be committed to it for no less than three months if he is open to incorporating the Word of God in his life more deeply. excessively many people leave friends, jobs, or orga nization because of being offended. I am not sure if this is the case with Mario for the reason to work at various constructions jobs. The important thing is to have a goal in mind to keep him employed.Theoretical ApproachThe psychodynamic barbel I believe will be the just about effective in Marios case. Mario has a few fundamental issues that are occurring which should be analyzed. Being separated from his family and insularity from his community is one of the biggest issues. The approach of dealing with these issues Mario is facing would be to lend oneself journaling as a method for convey mindfulness and control to Marios conduct and contemplations (Howes, 2011). At the beginning of each session with me, I will have Mario record anything of significance and importance to him, positive or forbid occasions or sentiments that have happened surrounded by sessions. It is imperative that Mario and I meet weekly until he accomplished his goals. I would also urge Mario to attempt o ut other support group resources because this would give him the required support he needs.Therapeutic Progress and SuccessThe objective is for Mario to achieve his goals. When Mario get involved in a support group and get into intelligent activities this should satisfy his need of belonging. All people need to feel like they belong According to Ephesians 14-6,which states explicitly that we are chosen for belonging with God, just as He chose us in Him in the lead the fundament of the world, that we should be hold and without blame before Him to love, having predestined us to sufferance as sons by Jesus Christ to Himself, according to the good sport of His will, to the p revoke of the glory of His g race, by which He made us evaluate in the Beloved. The measure of this achievement is fairly melodic themeive on the pace that it will be based on his journaling and the assessments of his present way of life. An modeling, if Mario true healthy relationships this will reflect h is conduct and possibly diminish his drinking. conclusionThe issues that Mario was facing was a great interdict impact on his life. Advising Mario with goal oriented counseling approach will keep him on track. Mario essential make a decision to stay on track to reform his life. By doing so, he will diminish the drinking problem oddly when he gets involved actively in support groups as well as his church ministry. Through regular counseling sessions with Mario, I will be in a position to develop an intervention send off that will lead him to a solid and satisfying life.ReferencesACA Code of ethics (2015) American charge Association, Alexandria, VirginiaCorey, G. (2010). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy. (8th ed.). Mason, OH Cengage Learning.Howes, R. (2011, January 26). Journaling in Therapy Supersized therapy? salvage on . Retrieved from Psychology Today http//www.psychologytoday.com/blog/in-therapy/201101/journaling-in-therapyKhantzian, E. J. (1986). A co ntemporary psychodynamic approach to drug abuse treatment. TheAmerican journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 12(3), 213-222.LeBeauf, I., Smaby, M., Maddux, C. (2009). Adapting Counseling Skills for Multicultural and Diverse Clients. Compelling Counseling Interventions VISTAS , 33-42.Maslow, A. H. (1943). A Theory of adult male Motivation. Retrieved June 17, 2015, from York University, Toronto, Ontario http//psychclassics.yorku.ca/Maslow/motivation.htmSchmidt, C. D. (2014). Integrating Continuous Client Feedback into Counselor Education. The Journal for Counselor breeding and Supervision , 6 (2), 2-12.Wilson, W. (2001). Alcoholics anonymous. New York, NY Alcoholics Anonymous World gos.Police bump and Search Powers Effects on Public TrustPolice assure and Search Powers Effects on Public TrustIntroductionThe increase powers of resolution and anticipate afforded to the natural law by the sinful justness recreate 2003 and Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 ( ill-use) have s tarkly contributed to a lack of trust and trustingness in the patrol service, particularly among social minorities. This essay will focus particularly on how the new powers have been used more extensively on heathen minorities, which undermines trust and confidence in the police particularly among these communities but also perpetuates ideas of corruption and racism. hang on and search powers have unless contributed to the popular opinion of over policing not merely because they lead to great police intervention in individuals lives, but because it leads to a greater influx into the treat of the twist justice system as a whole, known as attrition, especially among social minorities (Home Office 1998). fall in and Search powers historical backdropThe history of stymy and search powers has provided the stage setting for increasing mistrust of police felt by heathen minorities and the notion of over policing. PACE was enacted to deal with problems that had resulted from a perception on the part of the public that the previous powers granted to the police to finish up and search potential residuum offenders were far too broad. These rules were known as the Judges Rules (Ormerod Hooper 2009). These rules allowed police to stop, search, and thence guard a suspicious person without and need to have obtained a prior search warrant. It is empirically difficult to say whether it was due to genuine over-use, or merely a perceived change magnitude resort to this power when police were among the pitch-black community. As a result of the powers, there were race riots throughout various parts of the United Kingdom in the early 1980s which resulted in the Judges rules being repealed. Pursuant to PACE, the natural law states that a police officer must have tenable suspicion before he has the legal grounds to stop a person and search them.These practices, which confer very broad and intrusive powers, are often seen as the most glaring example of abuse of police powers. Although now under PACE 1984 a stop and search power can be carried out just when there is reasonable suspicion that stolen property or prohibited articles are being carried, the grounds for reasonable suspicion as defined in PACE are not of a very high threshold (Sprack 2008).This has been reinforced repeatedly in the case law regarding police stop and search powers under anti terrorism. Parker v Hampshire police (1999) note the suspicion must be based on reasonable grounds. Lord Devlins words, a state of conjecture or surmise. He goes on the and add In my judgment this state of mind, suspicious but uncertain, was based on reasonable grounds.The relationship between mistrust and a lack of confidence in the police and the stop and search of heathenish minorities is most keenly felt. Police data for 1999/2000 found that there was a five-fold increase stop and search used on blacks than on clear including the same pattern for stops under early Pr crimsontion of ter rorism legislation.In 1997, 7% of these stops were black which is a clear example of discrimination and foster creates an idea of police racism, over policing and decreases confidence in the reprehensible justice system overall. Even when deploying these powers outside the Terrorism Act, police intrusion and formal action remains operatively greater where the doubt is not white. More stops, more searches and more intrusive searches lead to increased suspicion. (Hayman Newburn 2001). except there are problems concerning the methodology of this research. The methodology of calculating stop and search is questionable as it can be based on outdated census discovers. It is submitted that rates should be calculated on ready(prenominal) rather than resident populations then findings for black people and heathenish minorities were mixed, some(prenominal) under and over represented for different localities this research emphasises the need for perplexity in assessing disproporti onality in stop and search. For example, ethnic minorities may be subject to direct discrimination in schools and therefore be excluded, becoming laid-off and therefore more being available to be stopped and searched by the police. Clothing and hoodies and even a certain car type that can be associated with ethnicity. These all contribute to the process of criminalization which increases stop and search, which further increases distrust in the police system and over policing of deprived areas based on what is at least assumed to be police prejudice. However the 2000 British Crime Survey (BCS) found ethnic origin only a predicator for car stops not foot stops.Clements (2006) found in London, reasonable suspicion was often absent in use of stop and search often used not for detection but for discussion gathering used by supervisors of the metropolitan police to measure carrying into action in that the more stop and searches conducted, the more successful understandings that will be made and a police officer will gain ascribe within the police as being successful. What is required is official realisation that stop and search powers must be regulated to safeguard the individuals right to privacy due to the danger extent of discretion and limitations of legal regularization coupled with vague notions of reasonable suspicion. This is further exacerbated by the fact that most stop and searches occur outside the supervision of the police station.The relationship between Stop and Search, have got and Over policingThe role of stop and search has only one role in explaining the over-representation of black people in arrest and imprisonment statistics due to the fact that only a small nonage of stop and search in ethnic minorities lead to arrest. This statistic can further represent the lack of trust and over policing due to the fact that these searches are deemed as, and witnessed to be unnecessary.Undoubtedly, the police use of stop and search powers makes at least a modest contribution to over-representation of blacks in arrest population, and a significant contribution to the increased arrest statistics which further leads to a notion of over policing among black areas. This perceived abuse of stop and search and poor solvent to racist victimization has lead to wide ranging loss of confidence in policing and undoubtedly public perception, particularly among ethnic minorities has been harmed by these negative interactions.ArrestPACE 1984 requires that reasonable suspicion that an offence has been committed exists before an arrest is made. There was a four times greater rate of anticipate arrest of blacks in 1999/2000 considering their numbers in general population (particularly for looting 28%) and arrests for asians also higher than it was for whites (again in fraud and forgery).The fact that once having been arrested and in handgrip, ethnic minorities tend to exercise the right to silence, opt for legal advice and deny sin. This c an cumulatively prejudice them in the criminal process, as least punitive outcome of an arrest, a caution, can only be given if guilt is admitted. This leads to higher rates of imprisonment and an even greater perception of over policing as these people become filtered in to the Criminal justice system (Phillips and Brown 1997).Black offenders are therefore twain more likely to be arrested and more likely to be held in remand. Moreover being held in remand can mean that the magistrates court is more likely to refer their case to the crown court, which instantly makes their prospective sentence more likely to be serious. This clearly shows that whatever the inbred intent of officers, there is attrition process which results in incorporating more offenders into the net of the criminal justice.Most studies on the actual sentencing of ethnic minorities suggest there is little or no difference in practice but they do not take account of the aforementioned complex process of incorporat ing black suspects into the system. Hoods ground-breaking study in 1992 using a different 16-point methodology showed that 503 blacks were sentenced to custody when only 479 should have been making an overall increase of 5%, which, if employed in every vest court in the res publica would make for serious racist discrimination. Hoods findings have, however, been criticised by Hakevy as having a 0.7% prospect that the result was random as opposed to the normally accepted figure of 0.5% which indicates that results are above the level of random coincidence.The attrition process provides further evidence of discrimination against ethnic minorities with them being filtered in to the Criminal Justice System (CJS) ethnic minorities therefore comprise only 7.3% of those arrested but make up 12.3% of those imprisoned (Hood 1992). The cyclical nature of the CJS with reoffenders, who have been in custody before receiving harsher penalisations further exacerbates the racist discrimination, leading to a cumulative disadvantage on the part of minorities (Phillips and Bowling 2002).Prosecutorial Decision -Making and SentencingThe Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) potentially has the ability to divert individuals from further action after a police officer has officially charged a suspect. The CPS must consider whether there is a reasonable prospect of conviction and whether the case should proceed on public interest grounds. These grounds include the sincerity of offence and the involvement of defendant.Case Termination A break on Criminalization?Only 2 research studies have examined whether these differ depending on ethnic origin. Phillips Brown (1997) 12% cases whites terminated compared to 20% blacks terminated and 27% against asians ethnic origin predicated an increased chance of case termination. This again reinforces that ethnic areas are being over policed, due to ingrained social ideas of racial criminality and institutional racism. It is submitted that this brea k should be taken note of and provides a real opportunity to change the publics view of over policing if it is used as an opportunity to decrease police stop and searches in ethnic areas.These studies raise serious questions about the use of stop and search powers in our criminal justice system as there is implied discrimination and presumption of guilt selectively applied by police. CPS break on criminalizing ethnic minorities can be explained because at this point in CJS discretion and subjectivity at minimum guided by stringent code for Crown Prosecutors.Pre-sentence processes decision to remand or bailRemand prisoners are more likely to receive custodial sentences if found guilty cannot be presented in a positive light by smart dress or newly gained employment and unfortunately ethnic minorities are much less likely to be given bail (Hood 1992). This could merely be because ethnic minorities have an increased risk of being of no fixed plate this is apparently a neutral factor but it can becalm lead to the perception of over policing. The higher acquittal rates for blacks and asians, which are consistent with the case termination by CPS discussed above. This again raises questions about previous actions of police and leads to an even more entrenched mistrust of police action and allegations of over policing. Moreover pre-sentence reports where 16% written on black offenders and 11% on asians reinforced stereotypical attitudes to race. There have been put down higher rates of committal to Crown Court for ethnic minorities even before sentencing decisions are made, blacks face a more severe punishment than their white counterparts (Hood 1992).SentencingMost studies suggest little or no difference exists between those from over policed areas (which tend to be areas dominated by ethnic minorities). However, these studies have a limited methodologically it is almost empirically unattainable to consider the wider range of legitimate legal factors which inf luence sentencing decisions, including subjective goal on the part of the judge.Hoods (1992) pioneering used 16 variables, which best predicted possibility of a sentence. 503 blacks sentenced when there should only have been 479, which was 5% greater probability of blacks being sentence if practised in every court would show serious racial discrimination. The results of a study like this originate with over use of stop and search powers. Hoods findings provide clear evidence of discrimination which reinforces negative public opinion and mistrust of police and racially motivated over policing policies.ConclusionOver policing as in the proactive policing of areas populated by ethnic minorities does not go unnoticed and the greater use of stop and search powers creates bitterness and mistrust among these populations, which eventually undermines any positive work the police are trying to accomplish. The perception of over policing undoubtedly starts with the PACE 1984 stop and search p owers, but as the offender progresses through the criminal justice system, and these powers are shown to have led to unnecessary arrests, the bitterness created by their use increases. It is difficult to think of a precise solution as the notion of reasonable suspicion, although an objective one in legal terms, is necessarily employed by the police based on their subjective judgment, which as a result of social factors and institutional racism, appears to be geared towards intrusive ethnic minorities. Mistrust is a two-way street and perhaps even contributes to increased criminality.